Supported formats¶

nirs4all-formats reads NIRS and spectroscopy files through a registry of native Rust readers. You never pick a reader by hand: open_path / open_bytes sniff the file by content (magic bytes, container schema or text shape) and route it to the best match. This page is the public catalogue of what is covered today.

For the internal, variant-by-variant tracking (including counts and the exact files still being sourced), see FORMAT_MATRIX.md and IMPLEMENTATION_DASHBOARD.md in the repository. Each format below links to a detailed page.

Status legend¶

Status	Meaning
Supported	Main active variants are validated with samples, tests and docs — safe to rely on.
Supported (scoped)	Reliable within a documented subset; some variants are still pending.
Partial	Reads real files but is knowingly incomplete — read the page’s Limitations before relying on it.
Experimental	A narrow or local-only path that may still change.
Detected / refused	Recognised, but intentionally not decoded (out of NIRS scope) — the reader points you to the right tool.
Blocked / Planned	Not readable yet; we need sample files or a specification. Send files →

Feature flags in brackets (fmt-hdf5, fmt-matlab, fmt-parquet) mark readers that are compiled in by default but can be turned off (and are off on the wasm32 target unless noted).

Generic & tabular¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
Delimited spectral tables	Generic / instrument exports	`.csv`, `.tsv`, `.txt`	Supported	text-readers-001
Row-oriented spectral tables	Generic / instrument exports	`.csv`, `.tsv`, `.txt`, `.dat`, `.asc`, `.SPT`, `.SPU`	Supported	row-spectral-table
Spectral matrix exports	Generic / Foss / Metrohm / VIAVI	`.csv`, `.txt`	Supported	spectral-matrix
Excel workbooks	Generic / lab	`.xlsx`, `.xlsm`	Supported (scoped)	excel
NumPy	Python / NumPy	`.npy`, `.npz`	Supported	numpy
Parquet	Apache / generic	`.parquet`	Supported (`fmt-parquet`)	parquet
Consumer Physics SCiO	Consumer Physics	`.csv`	Supported	scio-csv

FT-NIR / FT-IR / UV-Vis vendors¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
Bruker OPUS	Bruker	`.0`, `.1`, `.001`, `.0000`, `.dpt`	Supported (scoped)	bruker-opus
Thermo Nicolet OMNIC	Thermo Nicolet	`.spa`, `.spg`, `.srs`	Supported (scoped)	nicolet-omnic
Thermo / Galactic GRAMS SPC	Thermo / Galactic	`.spc`	Supported (scoped)	galactic-spc
PerkinElmer Spectrum / IR	PerkinElmer	`.sp` (incl. FT-MIR Spectrum 10)	Supported (scoped)	perkin-elmer
BUCHI NIRCal	BUCHI / Bühler	`.nir`	Supported (scoped)	buchi-nircal
JASCO JWS	JASCO	`.jws`	Supported (scoped)	jasco-jws
Ocean Optics / Ocean Insight	Ocean Optics	`.txt`, `.csv`, `.jaz`, `.JazIrrad`, `.Master.Transmission`, `.ProcSpec`	Supported (scoped)	ocean-optics
Foss / WinISI	Foss	`.cal`, `.nir`, `.txt`, `.csv`	Supported (scoped)	foss-winisi
Metrohm Vision / Vision Air export	Metrohm	`.csv`	Supported (scoped)	metrohm-vision
VIAVI MicroNIR	VIAVI / JDSU	`.sam`, `.csv`, `.xlsx`	Supported (scoped)	viavi-micronir
Shimadzu UVProbe export	Shimadzu	`.txt`	Supported (scoped)	shimadzu-uvprobe
Si-Ware NeoSpectra export	Si-Ware	`.csv`, `.xlsx`	Supported (scoped)	siware-neospectra
Spectro Inc. SiWare API	Spectro Inc.	`.json`, `.csv`	Partial	siware-api

Field spectroscopy¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
ASD FieldSpec	ASD / Malvern Panalytical	`.asd`	Supported (scoped)	asd
Spectral Evolution SED	Spectral Evolution	`.sed`	Supported (scoped)	spectral-evolution-sed
SVC / GER SIG	Spectra Vista / GER	`.sig`	Supported (scoped)	svc-ger-sig
USGS / ECOSTRESS spectral text	USGS / JHU / ECOSTRESS	`.asc`, `.txt`, `.spectrum.txt`	Supported (scoped)	usgs-speclib
Avantes AvaSoft (ASCII + binary)	Avantes	`.ttt`, `.trt`, `.tit`, `.tat`, `.IRR`, `.TRM`, `.ROH`, `.DRK`, `.REF`, `.Raw8`, `.IRR8`	Supported (scoped)	avantes
PP Systems UniSpec SC / DC	PP Systems	`.SPT`, `.SPU`	Experimental	pp-systems-unispec
Felix Instruments F-750	Felix Instruments / CID Bio-Science	`.csv`	Supported (scoped)	felix-f750

Hyperspectral cubes¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
ENVI Spectral Library	L3Harris / ENVI	`.sli` + `.hdr`	Supported	envi-sli
ENVI Standard cube	ENVI	`.img` / `.dat` + `.hdr`	Supported (scoped)	envi-sli
AVIRIS / ERDAS LAN	AVIRIS / ERDAS	`.lan` + `.spc` + `.GIS`	Experimental	erdas-lan

Cube readers expose pixel selection (rectangular ROI window or an ordered sparse (row, col) mask) so you don’t have to materialise an entire scene.

Sun photometers¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
MFR / MFRSR	Solar Light / YES Inc.	`.OUT`, `.nc`	Supported (scoped)	sun-photometers
Microtops / MAN	Solar Light	`.TXT`, `.nc`, `.lev10/.lev15/.lev20`	Supported (scoped)	sun-photometers

HDF5, containers & standards¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
Generic HDF5 NIRS	Vendor-neutral	`.h5`, `.hdf5`	Supported (scoped, `fmt-hdf5`)	hdf5
Generic NetCDF NIRS	Vendor-neutral	`.nc`, `.cdf`	Supported (scoped, `fmt-hdf5`)	netcdf
FGI HDF5 + XML	FGI	`.h5` / `.hdf5` + `.xml`	Experimental (`fmt-hdf5`)	fgi-hdf5-xml
MATLAB MAT / RData	MATLAB / R ecosystem	`.mat`, `.RData`	Supported (scoped, `fmt-matlab`)	matlab
OpenSpecy Raman / (FT)IR	OpenSpecy (R)	`.rds`	Supported (scoped, `fmt-openspecy`)	openspecy
Allotrope ASM	Allotrope / Benchling	`.json`	Supported (scoped)	allotrope-asm
Allotrope ADF	Allotrope Foundation	`.adf`	Experimental (`fmt-hdf5`)	allotrope-adf
AnIML	IUPAC / ASTM	`.animl`	Experimental	animl

Exchange & standards-track¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
JCAMP-DX	IUPAC (vendor-neutral)	`.jdx`, `.dx`, `.jcm`, `.jcamp`	Supported (scoped)	jcamp-dx
EMSA/MAS MSA	ISO 22029	`.msa`	Supported (scoped)	msa-iso22029

Raman & adjacent (decoded, adjacent to core NIRS)¶

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
Renishaw WDF	Renishaw	`.wdf`	Supported (scoped)	renishaw-wdf
Horiba LabSpec / JobinYvon	Horiba	`.xml`, `.txt`, `.l6m`	Partial	horiba-labspec
WiTec WIP / WID	WiTec	`.wip`, `.wid`	Partial	witec-wip
Princeton TriVista TVF	Princeton Instruments	`.tvf`	Supported	trivista-tvf
DigitalSurf MountainsMap	DigitalSurf	`.sur`, `.pro`	Supported	digitalsurf
Hamamatsu HPD-TA IMG	Hamamatsu	`.img`	Experimental (adjacent)	hamamatsu-img

Detected & deliberately refused (not NIRS)¶

These are recognised so the walker can label them, but they are not decoded into spectra — the reader points to the appropriate mass-spectrometry tool.

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status	Page
mzML	HUPO PSI	`.mzML`, `.mzMLb`	Detected / refused	mzml
ANDI / NetCDF MS	ASTM	`.cdf`, `.nc`	Detected / refused	andi-ms

Not yet supported — help us by sending samples¶

These formats are in scope but blocked until we can get real files or a usable specification. If you can share any of them, you will directly unblock a reader.

Format	Vendor	Extensions	Status
Foss NIRSystems / WinISI native	Foss	`.DA`, `.eqa`	Blocked — native binary (`.cal`/`.nir` now supported above)
Perten DA / Inframatic native	Perten / PerkinElmer	vendor binary	Blocked — no spectral sample
Bruker Tango / Matrix native	Bruker	OPUS	Planned — dedicated fixtures wanted
ASD calibration companions	ASD / Malvern	`.ILL`, `.REF`, `.RAW`	Blocked — companion files
fNIRS neuroscience	NIRx / SNIRF	`.snirf`, `.nirs`	Out of scope (physiology, not spectroscopy)

Don’t see your format?¶

Request a format or send reference files through the issue templates — real files are the single biggest unblocker.
If a supported file is misread or refused, open a bug issue with the output of nirs4all-formats probe <file>.

See CONTRIBUTING.md for how sample files are licensed and added to the corpus.